Fragment 44

“The Wedding of Hektor and Andromache”

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⟨ ⟩

1.Κυπρο̣ . [ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .]ας̣·

κάρυξ ἦλθ̣ε θε̣[ . . . . . . . . . .]ελε̣ [ . . . ] . θεις

Ἴδαος ταδεκα . . . φ [ . . ] . . ις τάχυς ἄγγελος

⟨ ⟩

‘ τάς τ’ ἄλλας Ἀσίας . [ . ] δε . αν κλέος ἄφθιτον·

5.Ἔκτωρ καὶ συνέταιρ̣[ο]ι ἄ̣γ̣οισ’ ἐλικώπιδα

Θήβας ἐξ ἰέρας Πλακίας τ’ ἀ[π̣’ ἀϊ]ν⟨ν⟩άω

ἄβραν Ἀνδρομάχαν ἐνὶ ναῦσιν ἐπ’ ἄλμυρον

πόντον· πόλλα δ’ [ἐλί]γματα χρύσια κἄμματα

πορφύρ[α] καταΰτ[με]να, ποί̣κ̣ι̣λ’ ἀθύρματα,

10.ἀργύρα̣ τ̣’ ἀνά̣ριθ̣μα ποτήρια κἀλέφαις.’

ὢς εἶπ’· ὀτραλέως δ’ ἀνόρουσε πάτ[η]ρ̣ φίλος·

φάμα δ’ ἦλθε κατὰ πτ̣όλιν εὐρύχο̣ρ̣ο̣ν φίλοις·

αὔτικ’ Ἰλίαδαι σατίναι[ς] ὐπ’ ἐυτρόχοις

ἆγον αἰμιόνοις, ἐ̣π̣[έ]βαινε δὲ παῖς ὄχλος

15.γυναίκων τ’ ἄμα παρθενίκα[ν] τ . . [ . . ] . σφύρων

χῶρις δ’ αὖ Περάμοιο θυγ[α]τρες[

ἴππ[οις] δ’ ἄνδρες ὔπαγον ὐπ’ ἀρ̣[ματ-

π[ ]ες ἠίθ̣εοι, μεγάλω[ς] τι δ̣[

δ[ ] . ἀνίοχοι φ[ . . . . . ] . [

20.π̣[ ]ξδα .ο[

⟨ ⟩

⟨Probably 6 or 7 verses are missing ⟩

⟨ ⟩

21.ἴ]κελοι θέοι[ς

] ἄγνον ἀολ[λε-

ὄ̣ρ̣ματ̣α̣ι̣ [ ] νον ἐς Ἴλιο[ν,

αὖλος δ’ ἀδυ[μ]έλης̣ [κίθαρίς]¹ τ’ ὀνεμίγνυ[το

25.καὶ ψ[ό]φο[ς κ]ροτάλ[ων, λιγέ]ως δ’ ἄρα πάρ[θενοι

ἄειδον μέλος ἄγν[ον, ἴκα]νε δ’ ἐς α̣ἴ̣θ̣[ερα

ἄχω θεσπεσία̣ γελ̣[

πάντᾳ δ’ ἦς κὰτ ὄδο[ις

κράτηρες φίαλαί τ’ ὀ[ . . .]υεδε[ . . ] . .εακ[ . ] . [

30.μύρρα καὶ κασία λίβανός τ’ ὀνεμείχνυτο·

γύναικες δ’ ἐλέλυσδον ὄσαι προγενέστερα[ι,

πάντες δ’ ἄνδρες ἐπήρατον ἴαχον ὄρθιον

Πάον’ ὀνκαλέοντες ἐκάβολον εὐλύραν,

ὔμνην δ’ Ἔκτορα κ’ Ἀνδρομάχαν θεο⟨ε⟩ικέλο[ις. ⊗

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FRAGMENT 44Α

(a) Column i

]σανορεσ̣ . . [

Φοίβῳ χρυσοκό[μ̣ᾳ, τὸν ἔτικτε Κόω κ̣[όρα

μίγεισ’ ὐψινέφει Κρ]ονίδᾳ μεγαλωνύμῳ·

Ἄρτεμις δὲ θέων] μέγαν ὄρκον ἀπώμοσε·

5.‘νὴ τὰν σὰν κεφά]λαν, ἄϊ πάρθενος ἔσσομαι

ἄδμης οἰοπό]λ̣ων ὀρέων κορύφα̣ι̣σ’ ἔπι

θηρεύοισ’· ἄγι καὶ τά]δ̣ε νεῦσον ἔμαν χάριν.’

ὢς εἶπ’· αὐτὰρ ἔνευ]σ̣ε θέων μακάρων πάτηρ.

πάρθενον δ’ ἐλαφάβ]ολον ἀγροτέραν θέο̣ι

10.ἄνθρωποί τε κάλε]ι̣σιν ἐπωνύμιον μέγα.

κήνᾳ λυσιμέλης] Ἔρος οὐδάμα πίλναται,

] . [ . ] . . . . α̣φόβε[ . . ] . . ω·

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(b) Column ii

5.Μοίσαν ἀγλα[

πόει καὶ Χαρίτων̣[

βραδίνοις ἐπεβ . [

ὄργας μὴ ’πιλάθε . [

θ̣ν̣άτοισιν· πεδʹ . χ[

10.δ̣αλίω[

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κίθαρίς, Campbell via Lobel

Page 44

Comments

Book II

Meter: glyconic with two dactylic expansions (gl^2d)

× × – ᴗ ᴗ – ᴗ ᴗ – ᴗ ᴗ – ᴗ –

Texts:

Campbell, David A. 1982. Greek Lyric, Vol. I: Sappho and Alcaeus. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

Sampson, Michael. 2016. "A New Reconstruction of Sappho 44." Proceedings of the 27th International Congress of Papyrology 1: 53-62.

Voigt, Eva-Maria, ed. 1971. Sappho et Alcaeus. Amsterdam: Polak & Van Gennep.

Sources:

44: P.Oxy. 1232 + P.Oxy. 2076

44A: P. Fouad 239

NB: ⊗ indicates the beginning or end of a new poem.

1	Κύπρος (ἡ) Cyprus, a Greek island particularly dear to Aphrodite
2	κᾶρυξ, υκος (ὁ) herald
	ἦλθε, 3rd sg. aor. indic. of ἔρχομαι to come
3	Ἴδαος (ὁ) Idaeus, a Trojan herald mentioned at Iliad 7.248 ff. and 24.325 ff.
	τυχύς, εῖα, ύ swift
	ἄγγελος (ὁ) messenger; sc. said
4	ἄλλος, η, ον the rest of
	Ἀσία (ἡ) Asia (gen. sg.)
	κλέος (τό) glory, fame
	ἄφθιτος, ον undying, eternal
5	Ἔκτωρ (ὁ) Hektor, prince of Troy and commander of the Trojan forces
	συνέταιρος (ὁ) comrade, companion
	ἄγοισι Aeol. for ἄγουσι are leading (3rd pl. pres. act. ind. from ἄγω)
	ἐλικῶπις, ιδος quick-glancing (acc. sg. fem.)
6	Θήβη (ἡ) Thebe (gen.), a city near Troy at the base of Mt. Plakos (sometimes called Cilician Thebe, to distinguish it from the ones in Boeotia and Egypt). Andromache's father was king of Thebe; it was sacked by Achilles.
	ἐξ + gen. from
	ἰερός, ά, όν sacred, holy (agrees with Θήβας)
	Πλακία, ας (ἡ) Plakia (gen.), a river near Cilician Thebe
	ἀπύ Aeol. for ἀπό + gen. from
	ἀϊννάος, ον ever-flowing (gen. sg. fem.; agrees with Πλακίας)
7	ἀβρός, ά, όν graceful, pretty
	Ἀνδρομάχη (ἡ) Andromache, Hector's bride, daughter of Eëtion, the king of Cilician Thebe
	ἐνί = ἐν + dat. in
	ναῦς (ἡ) ship (dat. pl.)
	ἐπί + acc. upon, on
	ἀλμυρός, ά, όν salty, briny
8	πόντος (ὁ) sea
	πολύς, πολλή, πολύ many. Here the herald lists the bridal goods Andromache has brought with her. There is no verb; sc. εἰσίν.
	ἔλιγμα, ατος (τό) bracelet
	χρύσιος, α, ον golden
	κἄμματα, crasis for καί + ἄμματα; ἄμμα, ατος (τό) girdle
9	πόρφυρος, α, ον purple. This variant of the adjective πορφύρεος is also seen in Sappho 98A.4 and 105C.2.
	καταΰτμενος, ον fragrant (preferred by translators, as if κατ’ αΰτμενα with fragrance); floating with the breeze, gossamer, diaphanous (per the LSJ print supplement)
	ποικιλός, ή, όν multi-colored
	ἄθυρμα, ατος (τό) trinkets, adornments
10	ἀργύροῦς, ᾶ, οῦν silver
	ἀνάριθμος, ον countless
	ποτήριον (τό) cup
	κἀλέφαις = καί + ἐλεφας, φαντος (ὁ) ivory. Here ends the herald's speech.
11	ὤς so, thus
	εἶπε he said
	ὀτραλέως quickly
	ἀνορούω to leap up (3rd sg. aor. act. ind., unaugmented)
	πατήρ, ρος (ὁ) father
	φίλος, η, ον dear
12	φάμα (ἡ) message, rumor, news
	ἦλθε reached, taking φίλοις (friends) as the direct object (Smyth 1588)
	κατά + acc. throughout
	πτόλις = πόλις (ἡ) city
	εὐρύχορος, ον spacious
13	αὐτίκα at once
	Ἰλιάδαι (οἱ) Trojans, the descendents of Ilos
	σατίνη (ἡ) chariot (acc. pl.)
	ὐπό + acc. under
	εὔτροχος, ον well-wheeled (acc. pl. fem.)
14	ἄγω + ὐπό to lead x under y = to yoke x to y (3rd pl. imperf. act. ind.)
	αἰμίονος (ἡ) mule (acc. pl.)
	ἐπιβαίνω to get on board (3rd sg. imperf. act. ind.)
	παῖς Aeol. for πᾶς whole, entire
	ὄχλος (ὁ) crowd, group
15	γυνή, γυναικός (ἡ) woman
	ἅμα at once, together with
	παρθενική (ἡ) = παρθένος maiden (gen. pl.)
	-όσφυρος, ον - ankled, agreeing with παρθενίκαν (e.g. ἁβρόσφυρος delicate-ankled; λευκόσφυρος white-ankled; ῥοδόσφυρος rosy-ankled)
16	χωρίς separately
	αὖ furthermore, moreover
	Πέραμος (ὁ) Priam (gen.), Hector's father, king of Troy
	θυγάτηρ, τρος (ἡ) daughter (another subject of ἐπέβαινε)
17	ἵππος (ὁ) horse (acc. pl.)
	ἀνήρ, ἀνδρός (ὁ) man
	ὔπαγον ὐπ’ yoked x to y, as in v. 14
	ἅρμα, ατος (τό) chariot
18	ἠΐθεος (ὁ) unmarried youth
	μεγάλως greatly, very much
	τι something, a
19	ἀνίοχος (ὁ) charioteer
21	ἴκελος, η, ον like + dat. pl., referring to Hector and Andromache
	θέοι[ς (acc. pl.) should perhaps be reconstructed as θέοισι (dat. pl.) to follow ἴκελοι: like the gods.
22	ἁγνός, ή, όν holy
	ἀόλλης, ες all together
23	ὀρμάομαι to set out
	ἐς Aeol. for εἰς + acc. to
	Ἴλιος, ου (ἡ) Ilium, Troy
24	αὐλός (ὁ) aulos, a double-reeded instrument
	Youth playing an aulos. Attic red-figure cup, ca. 460–450 BCE
	ἀδυμελής, ές sweet-sounding
	κίθαρίς (ἡ) kithara, lyre
	Youth playing a kithara. Attic red-figure amphora, ca. 480 BCE
	ὀνεμίγνυτο mixed, mingled (3rd sg. imperf. mid./pass. ind. from ἀναμείγνυμι; ὀμ- is Aeol. for ἀνα-)
25	ψόφος (ὁ) sound
	κρόταλον (τό) castanets
	A dancer playing the krotala. Red-figured kylix, ca. 520-510 BCE.
	λιγέως clearly, with sweet voices
	ἄρα and then
	παρθένος (ἡ) maiden
26	ἀείδω to sing (3rd pl. imperf. act. ind.)
	μέλος, εος (τό) song
	ἁγνός, ή, όν holy
	ἰκάνω to reach (3rd sg. imperf. act. ind.)
	ἐς Aeol. for εἰς + acc. to
	αἰθήρ, έρος (ἡ) heaven
27	ἄχω, ους (ἡ) echo, ringing sound
	θεσπέσιος, α, ον marvellous, divinely sounding
28	πάντᾳ everywhere
	ἦς there was (3rd sg. imperf. act. ind. from εἰμί)
	κατά + acc. in, throughout
	ὀδός (ἡ) street (acc. pl.)
29	κρατήρ, ήρος (ὁ) bowl, specifically one for mixing wine and water
	φιάλη (ἡ) saucer
30	μύρρα (ἡ) Aeol. for σμύρνα, myrrh
	κασία (ἡ) cassia, cinnamon
	λίβανος (ὁ) frankincense
	ὀνεμείχνυτο mixed, mingled (variant spelling of ὀνεμίγνυτο in v. 24)
31	ἐλελύσδω Aeol. for ὀλολύζω to cry out loudly (3rd pl. imperf. act. ind.)
	ὄσος, η, ον as many as, however many, all
	προγενέστερος, α, ον older
32	ἐπήρατος, ον lovely
	ἰάχω to shout, cry, sound out (3rd pl. imperf. act. ind.)
	ὄρθιος, α, ον high-pitched
33	Πάων, ονος (ὁ) Paean (acc.), an epithet of the god Apollo; a paean is a song addressed to Apollo
	ὀνκαλήμι Aeol. for ἀνακαλέω, to invoke (pres. act. partic. nom. pl. masc.)
	ἐκαβόλος, ον far-shooting, an epithet of Apollo
	εὐλύρας, α, ο skilled at the lyre, an epithet of Apollo
34	ὑμνέω to sing of, to celebrate with song (3rd pl. imperf. act. ind.)
	θεοείκελος, ον god-like (acc. pl., agreeing with both Hektor and Andromache)

44A
(a) Column i
2	Φοῖβος (ὁ) Phoebus, an epithet of the god Apollo
	χρυσοκόμης, ου golden-haired
	τὸν, whom, the relative pronoun
	τίκτω to give birth to, bring into the world (3rd sg. imperf. act. ind.)
	Κόω κόρα (ἡ) Leto, the daughter of the Titan Koios, and mother of Apollo and Artemis
3	μίγεισα having mingled (i.e. had sex) with + dat. (aor. pass. partic. nom. sg. fem. from μίγνυμι)
	ὑψινεφής, ες high in the clouds (dat. sg. masc.)
	Κρονίδης, ου (ὁ) Zeus, the son of Kronos
	μεγαλώνυμος, ον with a great name
4	Ἄρτεμις, ιδος (ἡ) Artemis
	μέγας, μεγάλη, μέγα great
	ὄρκος (ὁ) oath
	ἀπόμνυμι to swear (3rd sg. aor. act. ind.)
5	νή + acc. by, used in prayers and oaths
	σός, ά, όν your
	κεφαλή (ἡ) head
	ἄϊ Aeol for ἀεί, always
	ἔσσομαι I will be (3rd sg. fut. ind. from εἰμί)
6	ἀδμής, ῆτος unmarried
	οἰοπόλος, ον lonely, solitary
	ὄρος, εος (τό) mountain (gen. pl.)
	κορυφή (ἡ) peak (dat. pl., the object of ἔπι)
	ἐπί + dat. on, upon
7	θηρεύω to hunt (pres. act. partic. nom. sg. fem.)
	ἄγι = ἄγε come on!
	τάδε these things (direct object of νεῦσον)
	νεύω to grant, nod in assent (2nd sg. aor. act. imper.)
	ἔμαν χάριν for my sake (special usage of the acc. sg., LSJ A.VI.1)
8	ὢς εἶπε so she said (as in 44.11 above)
	αὐτὰρ and
	ἔνευσε nodded in assent (2nd sg. aor. act. ind.)
	μάκαρ, μάκαιρα, μάκαρ blessed, fortunate
9	ἐλαφάβολος, ον deer-shooting.
	ἀγροτέρα (ἡ) huntress
10	ἄνθρωπος (ὁ) mortal, human, man
	καλέω to call, sc. her (3rd pl. pres. act. ind.): gods and mortals call her the maiden, the deer-shooter, and the huntress
	ἐπωνύμιον (τό) surname, title (take in apposition to the list of epithets)
11	κήνᾳ, Aeol. for ἐκείνῃ her (dat. sg. fem.)
	λυσιμελής, ές limb-relaxing, loosener of limbs
	Ἔρος (ὁ) Eros, the god of love
	οὐδάμα never
	πίλναμαι to approach, draw near + dat.

(b) Column ii
5	Μοίσα (ἡ) Muse (gen. pl.)
	ἀγλαός, όν splendid, glorious
6	ποιέω to make
	Χάριτες (αἱ) the Graces, traditional attendants of Aphrodite
7	βράδίνος, α, ον slender (acc. pl. masc.)
8	ὀργά (ἡ) anger, wrath, passion (gen. sg.)
	μὴ ’πιλάθε don't forget + gen. (2nd sg. pres. act. imper. from ἐπί + λανθάνω)
9	θνατός (ὁ) mortal (dat. pl.)
	πεδά Aeol. for μετά with

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Fragment 44

“The Wedding of Hektor and Andromache”

FRAGMENT 44Α

Notes

Vocabulary

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44A

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